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Scientific Research

Oct
2017

Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in acute improvements in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effort.

Journal of Psychopharmacology

Scholey AB1, French SJ, Morris PJ, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Haskell CF

Cocoa flavanols (CF) positively influence physiological processes in ways that suggest their consumption may improve aspects of cognitive function. This study investigated the acute cognitive and subjective effects of CF consumption during sustained mental demand. In this randomized, controlled, double-blinded, balanced, three period crossover trial 30 healthy adults consumed drinks containing 520 mg, 994 mg… Read more »

Sep
2017

Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology

Williams S1, Tamburic S, Lally C

BACKGROUND: Cocoa beans fresh from the tree are exceptionally rich in flavanols. Unfortunately, during conventional chocolate making, this high antioxidant capacity is greatly reduced due to manufacturing processes. AIM: To evaluate the photoprotective potential of chocolate consumption, comparing a conventional dark chocolate to a specially produced chocolate with preserved high flavanol (HF) levels. METHODS: A… Read more »

Jun
2017

Flavonoid intake and cognitive decline over a 10-year period.

American Journal of Epidemiology

Letenneur L1, Proust-Lima C, Le Gouge A, Dartigues JF, Barberger-Gateau P

In the PAQUID (Personnes Agées Quid) study, the authors prospectively examined flavonoid intake in relation to cognitive function and decline among subjects aged 65 years or older. A total of 1,640 subjects free from dementia at baseline in 1990 and with reliable dietary assessment were reexamined four times over a 10-year period. Cognitive functioning was… Read more »

Jan
2016

Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation Influences Skin Conditions of Photo-Aged Women: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Journal of Nutrition

Yoon HS1, Kim JR2, Park GY3, Kim JE2, Lee DH4, Lee KW5, Chung JH6

BACKGROUND: The consumption of dietary antioxidants is considered to be a good strategy against photo-aging. However, the results of previous clinical trials that investigated the effects of oral consumption of high-flavanol cocoa products on skin photo-aging have been contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-flavanol cocoa supplementation would improve the… Read more »

Dec
2015

Dark chocolate supplementation reduces the oxygen cost of moderate intensity cycling.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Patel RK1, Brouner J1, Spendiff O1

BACKGROUND: Dark chocolate (DC) is abundant in flavanols which have been reported to increase the bioavailability and bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO). Increasing NO bioavailability has often demonstrated reduced oxygen cost and performance enhancement during submaximal exercise. METHODS: Nine moderately-trained male participants volunteered to undertake baseline (BL) measurements that comprised a cycle V̇O(2max) test followed… Read more »

Oct
2015

Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women: a randomised, controlled, double-masked trial: the Flaviola Health Study.

British Journal of Nutrition

Sansone R1, Rodriguez-Mateos A1, Heuel J1, Falk D1, Schuler D1, Wagstaff R1, Kuhnle GG2, Spencer JP2, Schroeter H3, Merx MW1, Kelm M1, Heiss C1; Flaviola Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program

Cocoa flavanol (CF) intake improves endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We investigated the effects of CF on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health in low risk, healthy, middle-aged individuals without history, signs or symptoms of CVD. In a 1-month, open-label, one-armed pilot study, bi-daily ingestion of 450 mg of CF led… Read more »

Jun
2015

Impact of cocoa flavanol intake on age-dependent vascular stiffness in healthy men: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial.

Age

Heiss C1, Sansone R, Karimi H, Krabbe M, Schuler D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Kraemer T, Cortese-Krott MM, Kuhnle GG, Spencer JP, Schroeter H, Merx MW, Kelm M; FLAVIOLA Consortium, European Union 7th Framework Program

Increased vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and isolated systolic hypertension are hallmarks of vascular aging. Regular cocoa flavanol (CF) intake can improve vascular function in healthy young and elderly at-risk individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying CF bioactivity remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of CF intake on cardiovascular function in healthy young and elderly individuals… Read more »

Mar
2015

Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study–a randomized controlled trial.

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Mastroiacovo D1, Kwik-Uribe C1, Grassi D1, Necozione S1, Raffaele A1, Pistacchio L1, Righetti R1, Bocale R1, Lechiara MC1, Marini C1, Ferri C1, Desideri G1

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence has indicated that flavanol consumption may have many health benefits in humans, including improved cognitive activities. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of flavanol consumption on cognitive performance in cognitively intact elderly subjects. DESIGN: This was a double-blind, controlled, parallel-arm study conducted in 90 elderly individuals without clinical evidence of… Read more »

Mar
2015

Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study–a randomized controlled trial.

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Mastroiacovo D1, Kwik-Uribe C1, Grassi D1, Necozione S1, Raffaele A1, Pistacchio L1, Righetti R1, Bocale R1, Lechiara MC1, Marini C1, Ferri C1, Desideri G1

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence has indicated that flavanol consumption may have many health benefits in humans, including improved cognitive activities. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of flavanol consumption on cognitive performance in cognitively intact elderly subjects. DESIGN: This was a double-blind, controlled, parallel-arm study conducted in 90 elderly individuals without clinical evidence of… Read more »

Dec
2014

Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults.

Nature Neuroscience

Brickman AM1, Khan UA1, Provenzano FA1, Yeung LK1, Suzuki W2, Schroeter H3, Wall M4, Sloan RP4, Small SA5

The dentate gyrus (DG) is a region in the hippocampal formation whose function declines in association with human aging and is therefore considered to be a possible source of age-related memory decline. Causal evidence is needed, however, to show that DG-associated memory decline in otherwise healthy elders can be improved by interventions that enhance DG… Read more »

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